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Effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter on emergency department admission and hospitalization for asthma exacerbations in Brescia district.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rising pollution plays a crucial role in worsening several respiratory diseases. Particulate Matter (PM)-induced asthma exacerbations are one of the most dangerous events.

Pini L Giordani J Concoreggi C Zanardini E Pini A Perger E Bargagli E Di Bona D Ciarfaglia M Tantucci C
The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 2021 Jun 14; 1-8. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1929310. Epub 2021 06 14
PM10 PM2.5 Particulate matter airborne pollutants asthma asthma exacerbation emergency department hospitalization

Treated HIV Infection and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Abstract

Background Although ≈70% of the world's population of people living with HIV reside in sub-Saharan Africa, there are minimal prospective data on the contributions of HIV infection to atherosclerosis in the region.

Siedner MJ Bibangambah P Kim JH Lankowski A Chang JL Yang IT Kwon DS North CM Triant VA Longenecker C Ghoshhajra B Peck RN Sentongo RN Gilbert R Kakuhikire B Boum Y Haberer JE Martin JN Tracy R Hunt PW Bangsberg DR Tsai AC Hemphill LC Okello S
Journal of the American Heart Association 2021 Jun 05; e019994. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.019994. Epub 2021 06 05
HIV infection Uganda antiretroviral therapy atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease risk carotid intima media thickness

Potential value of urine lateral-flow lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test for diagnosing tuberculosis among severely acute malnourished children.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious co-morbidity among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and TB diagnosis remains particularly challenging in the very young.

Schramm B Nganaboy RC Uwiragiye P Mukeba D Abdoubara A Abdou I Nshimiymana JC Sounna S Hiffler L Flevaud L Huerga H
PloS one 2021 ; 16(5); e0250933. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250933. Epub 2021 05 05

What gaps remain in the HIV cascade of care? Results of a population-based survey in Nsanje District, Malawi.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The Malawi Ministry of Health (MoH) has been in collaboration with Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) to increase access to quality HIV care through decentralization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) diagnosis and treatment fro

Conan N Paye CP Ortuno R Chijuwa A Chiwandira B Goemaere E Belen Garone D Coulborn RM Chihana M Maman D
PloS one 2021 ; 16(4); e0248410. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248410. Epub 2021 04 22

Thin-Layer-Agar-Based Direct Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing on Sputum in Eswatini Rapidly Detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth and Rifampicin Resistance Otherwise Missed by WHO-Endorsed Diagnostic Tests.

Abstract

Xpert MTB/RIF rapidly detects resistance to rifampicin (RR); however, this test misses I491F-RR conferring mutation, common in southern Africa. In addition, Xpert MTB/RIF does not distinguish between viable and dead (MTB).

Ardizzoni E Ariza E Mulengwa D Mpala Q de La Tour R Maphalala G Varaine F Kerschberger B Graulus P Page AL Niemann S Dreyer V Van Deun A Decroo T Rigouts L de Jong BC
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2021 05 18; 65(6); doi: 10.1128/AAC.02263-20. Epub 2021 05 18
MDR TLA XDR Xpert MTB/RIF resistance detection rpoB I491F mutant tuberculosis

Randomised trials at the level of the individual.

Abstract

In global health research, short-term, small-scale clinical trials with fixed, two-arm trial designs that generally do not allow for major changes throughout the trial are the most common study design.

Park JJH Ford N Xavier D Ashorn P Grais RF Bhutta ZA Goossens H Thorlund K Socias ME Mills EJ
The Lancet. Global health 2021 May ; 9(5); e691-e700. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30540-4. Epub 2021 04 18
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